NATIONAL
SYMBOLS
NATIONAL
FLAG
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THE National flag is a horizontal tricolour of
deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the
bottom in equal proportion.
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The ratio of width of the flag to its length is two
to three.
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In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue
wheel which represents the chakra. Its design is that of the wheel which
appears on the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
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Its diameter approximates to the width of the
white band and it has 24 spokes.
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The design of the National Flag was adopted by
the Constituent Assembly of India on 22 July 1947.
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The Flag Code of India, 2002, has taken effect
from 26 January 2002.
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As per the provisions of the Flag Code of India,
2002, there shall be no restriction on the display of the National Flag by
members of general public, private organisations, educational institutions,
etc., except to the extent provided in the Emblems and Names (Prevention of
Improper Use) Act, 1950 and the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act,
1971 and any other law enacted on the subject.
STATE EMBLEM
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The state emblem is an adaptation from the
Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
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In the original, there are four lions, mounted
on an abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a
galloping horse (left side), a bull (right side) and a lion separated by
intervening wheels over a bell-shaped lotus.
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The Capital is crowned by the Wheel of the Law (Dharma
Chakra).
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State emblem was adopted by the Government of
India on 26 January 1950.
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Now, the bell-shaped lotus has been omitted.
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The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka
Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in
Devanagari script.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
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The song Jana-gana-mana, composed originally in
Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the
Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
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It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the
Kolkata Session of the Indian National Congress.
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The complete song consists of five stanzas.
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Playing time of the full version of the national
anthem is 52 seconds.
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Playing time of the short version of the
national anthem is 20 seconds.
NATIONAL
SONG
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The song Vande Mataram, composed in sanskrit by
Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a source of inspiration to the people in their
struggle for freedom.
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It has an equal status with Jana-gana-mana.
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The first political occasion when it was sung
was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
NATIONAL
CALENDAR
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The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with
Chaitra as its first month.
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A normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22
March 1957 along with the Gregorian calendar for the following official
purposes.
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Dates of the national calendar have a permanent correspondence
with dates of the Gregorian calendar, 1 Chaitra falling on 22 March normally
and on 21 March in leap year.
NATIONAL
ANIMAL
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The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris, is the
national animal of India. Bestcurrentaffairs.com Bestcurrentaffairs.com
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Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian
race, the Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in the
north-western region and also in the neighboring countries, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
NATIONAL BIRD
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The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, is the
national bird of India. The male of the species is more colorful than the
female,
NATIONAL
FLOWER
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Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is the National
Flower of India.
NATIONAL
TREE
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The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is the
National Tree of India.
NATIONAL FRUIT
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Mango (Manigifera indica) is the National fruit
of India. Mango is a rich source of Vitamins A, C and D.
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